Mastering the S Corp Split:
Salary vs. Distributions

The most critical decision for S Corp shareholders. Pay yourself too much, and you lose tax savings. Pay yourself too little, and you trigger an audit. Find your balance.

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Two Ways to Get Paid

Unlike a Sole Proprietorship where all income is taxed the same, an S Corp allows you to split your income into two buckets with very different tax treatments.

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1. W-2 Salary

Subject to FICA Taxes
  • Must be "Reasonable" for services provided.
  • ! Subject to 15.3% Payroll Tax (Social Security & Medicare).
  • Withholdings are sent to the IRS throughout the year.
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2. Shareholder Distribution

Tax Advantage Zone
  • Profits taken out by owners.
  • NOT subject to 15.3% Payroll Tax. (Income tax still applies).
  • ! Cannot be taken unless a reasonable salary is paid first.

Interactive Scenario Simulator

Adjust the sliders below to see how splitting your income affects your tax bill and your audit risk.
Note: This is a simplified estimation focusing on Self-Employment (SE) / Payroll tax savings. Income tax is excluded as it applies to both buckets.

Your Numbers

$50k $100,000 $300k
$0 $40,000 $100k

Salary cannot exceed Profit.

Distributions: $60,000
Payroll Tax Savings: $9,180

Vs. Sole Proprietorship

The Income Split

Salary (Taxed 15.3%) vs Distribution (Tax Free for Payroll)

Total Payroll Tax Liability

IRS Audit Risk Level

Safe Caution Danger

Determining risk...

What is "Reasonable"?

The IRS does not give a specific number. Instead, they look at facts and circumstances. Click on the factors below to understand how the IRS evaluates your salary.

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The Danger Zone: Zero Salary

The most common mistake new S Corp owners make is taking $0 salary and $100,000 in distributions to avoid all payroll taxes. This is an automatic red flag for the IRS.

The Consequence: Reclassification

The IRS has the authority to reclassify your "Distributions" as "Wages". If they do this, you don't just owe the taxes you tried to skip.

The Cost: Penalties & Interest

You will owe:

  • Back payroll taxes (15.3%)
  • Penalty for failure to file payroll returns
  • Penalty for failure to deposit taxes
  • Interest on all unpaid amounts

💡 Best Practice

Use a payroll service (like Gusto or ADP) to run a formal W-2 for yourself. Pay yourself consistently (monthly or quarterly), not just at the end of the year. Document why your salary is set at that level using the "Reasonable Compensation" factors.